How to Get Better Wireless Signal

Like all sufficiently advanced technologies, Wi-Fi can feel like magic. But Wi-Fi isn’t magic – its radio waves. A variety of things can interfere with these radio waves, making your wireless connection weaker and more unreliable.

The main keys to improving your wireless network’s signal are positioning your router properly — taking obstructions into account — and reducing interference from other wireless networks and household appliances.

Wireless Router Positioning

Your wireless router’s positioning can greatly affect your coverage area and the strength of your signal. Follow these quick tips to position your router for the best signal.

• Place the router in the middle of your house. If you place the router in a room off to the side of your house, you won’t get as strong a signal on the other side of your house.
• Position the router’s antenna vertically, so that the antenna is standing straight up. Many antennas can be adjusted and lie horizontally, but standing straight up is generally the ideal position.
• Elevate your router away from floors. You’ll get better reception if the router is on a desk, not on the floor.

You should also pay attention to the kinds of materials the router is near. For example, placing the router on a metal desk or up against a metal wall will cause problems. Signals can travel through a wood desk easily, but metal will obstruct the signals.

Other types of obstructions can also cause problems. For example, if there’s a metal filing cabinet between your computer and the router, you may not receive a wireless signal. The same applies to other types of dense objects.

Interference From Other Wireless Networks

Interference from other wireless networks in the area can cause issues with your wireless signal. To determine whether interference is occurring, you can use an app like Wi-FiAnalyzer for Android. It will show you the wireless channels nearby networks are using and recommend the ideal network for you to use — one that isn’t being used by as many networks. This app will also allow you to walk around the area and see where you get the best signal and where the signal is weakest – you can do this with any other device, too.

If multiple wireless networks are competing for the same channel, this can cause problems. To fix this, you can change the wireless channel in your router’s web interface. You can do this even if you don’t have access to a wireless-analyzing app – change the signal to a different channel and then see if your wireless connection improves.

Interference From Household Appliances

A variety of household appliances can cause wireless interference, including cordless phones, baby monitors, and microwave ovens. Depending on the positioning of your wireless router, your networked device, and the appliance, you may even have the wireless network cut out when the microwave or cordless phone is in use.

Problems with cordless phones can be solved by replacing your phones with phones that operate on a different frequency, such as 900 MHz or 1.9 GHz. Cordless phones using the 2.4 Ghz frequency will interfere with wireless networks.

Problems with microwaves can often by solved by positioning the your devices such that the microwave isn’t between your router and the device. it’s also possible that a new microwave will help, if the new microwave has better shielding.

Other devices can also cause problems. For example, older Bluetooth devices can interfere with nearby Wi-Fi signals, although newer Bluetooth devices don’t.

Repeaters, Antennas, and Reflectors

If you need to cover a large area with a wireless signal and your router just isn’t cutting it, you can buy a wireless repeater or range extender. These devices repeat the wireless signal, extending its area. You don’t even need special devices for this – if you have some old routers around, you can use multiple routers to extend your Wi-Fi network.

Depending on your router, you may be able to attach an improved antenna that gives your signal additional range. You can also try building a Wi-Fi reflector that reflects the signal in a specific direction.

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Speed Up Your Internet with Google Public DNS

Are you looking for a faster way to browse the Internet and have pages load faster? If so, you might be interested in trying out Google Public DNS, here we will take a look at adding it to your router or home computer.

DNS (Domain Name System) translates an IP address to an easy to remember hostname. If you use your ISPs DNS settings by default, it may not be the fastest way to get to your favourite sites. We have previously recommended the service OpenDNS as speeds are usually faster than your ISP and it offers several other cool options. Google has recently launched a free public DNS service, and we’ll take a look at setting it up on your PC or router.

Add Google DNS to a Window Computer

To add Google Public DNS to your Windows 7 machine, right-click on Network and choose Properties.

Alternatively, you can enter Network and Sharing Center into the search box in the Start Menu.

The Network and Sharing Center opens and you’ll want to click on Change adapter settings which is located on the right side of the screen.

Now right-click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. If you have a wireless connection, right-click on Wireless Network Connection and click Properties.

The Local Area Connection Properties screen opens and you’ll want to highlight Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) then click the Properties button.

The Internet Protocol Version 4 Properties window comes up. If you already have DNS settings listed, make sure to copy or write them down in case you want to switch back. Select Use the following DNS server addresses and type in the following for Preferred and Alternate DNS server:

Note: According to Google you can interchange the Primary and secondary address, but don’t use the same number for both.

Preferred DNS Server: 8.8.8.8

Alternate DNS Server: 8.8.4.4

Click Ok and then close out of the remaining windows and reboot your system, then you’ll want to test out the settings. Basically browse around to your bookmarked sites and make sure they display properly.

Add Google DNS to Your Router

In this example we are using a Belkin Wireless Router. Each router varies but the principle is the same. Go into your router configuration settings by typing the Router IP into your browser. Mostly in Home Router it will 192.168.1.1..otherwise if you want to check how to get this IP Address then Go to Network Place Properties and Double Click the "Local Area Network" Click the "Support" tab and there you will find "Default" in the default column IP Address is you Router IP address, 

Open you Browser and put the 192.168.1.1 IP and press Enter, Put the Username & password, Go to the WAN Configuration and find the DNS setting 

Now enter in the primary and secondary DNS addresses and apply changes. Again according to Google you can interchange the Primary and secondary address, but don’t use the same number for both. We set ours up as the following:

Primary:  8.8.8.8

Secondary: 8.8.4.4

After you apply the DNS changes your router may need to restart, where in the case of a Belkin it is a 40 second reboot. After the router reboots, go through and test the settings to verify they work.

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Five Mostly Used VPN Apps

Many businesses depend upon the ability to access their servers and documents from multiple locations. To enable that, many take advantage of the Virtual Private Network (VPN). When proposing this to end users, it is very often met with fear and uncertainty. It is change and people don't like change. To make that easier for end users, selecting the right VPN client is key. Some VPN servers (such as Sonicwall and Fortinet) require you use their own proprietary clients. But other VPNs allow the use of third party clients. As for the third-party clients, there are quite a lot of them out there. Some are free, some are cheap, some are worth your time, and some are not. I have gathered together five of the clients I believe to be worth looking into. Each client may or may not meet your VPN needs – that will depend upon the server you are running. But each client offers plenty of features and each offers different levels of user-friendliness.

OpenVPN Client

OpenVPN Client is a full-featured SSL VPN client that seamlessly integrates into an OpenVPN server. This client is as simple to use as any VPN Client and makes connecting to the OpenVPN server a snap. OpenVPN Client is free and is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. For Windows, this client is compatible with all versions of Windows, including Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000. Of course, you will have to have a working OpenVPN server to connect to. Fortunately, that server is incredibly easy to set up.

Gadmin VPN Client

Gadmin VPN Client is another means to connect to the OpenVPN server. This tool is part of the Gadmin Tools suite of administration tools (you can even install a Gadmin VPN Server GUI to help you easily set up an OpenVPN server).

This particular client tool is available only for the Linux platform, but offers tons of options for configuration. Of course, because of the amount of available options, Gadmin VPN Client isn't the best tool for users who are less familiar with how VPNs work.

Shrew Soft VPN Client

Shrew Soft VPN Client is an easy to use client for IPSec Remote Access VPN servers. This client is available for Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000 (both 32 and 64-bit flavors) as well as the Linux platform.

This client was originally developed to connect to open source servers such as FreeSWAN and OpenSWAN, but now can connect to VPNs by Cisco, Juniper, Checkpoint, Fortinet, Netgear, Linksys, Zywall and many others. Shew Soft VPN Client is free.

VPN X Client

VPN X Client is one of two VPN clients on the list that has a price attached. That price depends upon the license type and how many licenses you need (check out the Pricing page and check outthis comparison matrix.) The VPN X Client will only connect to the VPN X Server. You will find the VPN X Server quite easy to set up and secure enough for small to medium sized businesses.

Viscosity VPN Client

Viscosity VPN Client is a cross-platform client (Windows and Macs) that makes connecting to an OpenVPN server a breeze and will only cost you $9.00 USD.

Viscosity is used in Fortune 500 companies, continuously monitors your OpenVPN connection, fully integrates with OS X's advanced DNS system, can work with AppleScript and Batch/Vbs scripts, and offers Smartcar/token (PKCS#11) support, multiple connections, proxy integration, IPv6, and more.

Bottom line

Having a VPN doesn't mean you have to use a client your end users can't grasp or will put you and your IT budget out of business. These five clients work with different VPN servers and offer different levels of complexity and costs. If you're looking for a new VPN client, or replacing your VPN architecture all together, give these clients a look to see if one of them will fill a hole in your IT infrastructure. 

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Resolve IP Address Conflict on Network

Each device connected to a network is assigned a unique IP address to identify it to the network. When one IP address is accidentally assigned to more than one device, an IP address conflict occurs. If your computer is using an IP address that is conflicting with another device, you will get a pop-up error telling you that the system has detected a conflict. To find out where the conflicting device is, check the system log for your computer and look up the conflicting device's MAC address by using the IPconfig command.

Find Which Device or User trying to Conflict your Network IP Address

The way to understand, the IP Conflicts.

• Access the Control Panel through the Start Button or you can reach with command prompt (Go to the "Run" and type "control" and press enter)
• Select the "Administrative Tools" on List
• Again select the "Event Viewer" 
• Select the "System" Option in Event Viewer (Local)

• You find the "Red" Error in Source "Tcpcip" double click that one. 

• Now read the description you will find the IP address which is conflict and the Source Mac Address also you will find, Which Hardware try to conflict you IP Address. 
• After get the Mac address download the IPScanner and search the Mac address.
• If you find the Mac address then this user or device try to conflict you IP Address. 

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Network Diagram | 6 Free Diagram Application for Network

At some point, every administrator will need to diagram a network. For some, it's their primary duty, and they tend to rely on powerful, But for those who need to use a diagramming tool only occasionally, a cheaper solution is best. Luckily, there are several free apps that handle the task well.

Here are five tools that can help you diagram your network without breaking your budget. Some are Windows-only, while others are cross platform.

CADE was developed primarily as a CAD tool, but it also serves as a handy network diagramming tool. It's a 2D vector editor for Windows. Although it doesn't have all the bells and whistles of some costlier tools, it can handle the task of diagramming your network with ease.

Dia (Figure B) is an open source, GTK+ diagramming tool that has a shallow learning curve and can help you create basic network diagrams. Like CADE, Dia was inspired by Visio — but with a much more casual approach and feel. Dia loads and saves XML formatted documents that are gziped by default to save space. Dia is also available for Linux, Mac, and Windows.

Diagram Designer (Figure C) is another freeware tool that suffers (like Dia) from looking a bit on the outdated side. But Diagram Designer’s ease of use should certainly make up for the old-school feel of the application. DD features include customizable template objects, a spell checker, import/export (WMF, EMF, BMP, JPEG, PNG, MNG, ICO, GIF, and PCX), a slide show viewer, a graph plotter, a calculator, MeeSoft Image Analyzer integration, and compressed file format.

Gliffy (Figure D) is the only Web-based tool on this list. It’s easy to use and it works on any platform. With the ability to drag and drop shapes from numerous object libraries, you can have your network diagram ready in no time. You can use Gliffy for free, but if you really want to get into creating some diagrams, you may want to pony up the $4.95/month fee for 200 diagrams, 200 MB of storage, public and private diagrams, and unlimited collaborators.

yEd (Figure E) is a Java-based tool that’s available for Windows and Linux. It has a great user interface and features diagram creation, auto-layout, data import (GraphML, Excel XLS, GEDCOM, GML, XML), and data export (PDF, SWF, JPG, GIF, BMP, and HTML image maps). The auto-layout feature is particularly cool. It uses a wide range of sophisticated layout algorithms to automatically arrange your diagrams, saving you time and effort.

Office Visio 2007 Office Visio Professional 2007 is helping IT and business professionals worldwide visualize, analyze, and communicate complex information, systems, and processes. Extend Office Visio 2007 programmatically or integrate it with other applications to fit your industry-specific scenarios. Develop your own custom solutions and shapes, or use those from Visio Solution Providers. Embed and program the Visio drawing environment to include the power of Visio in any smart client application.

The all above tools are free for use, Use these tools and describe you network diagram and each network point, full feature and support on Windows and Mac OS.

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How to Find Your Computer Public & Private IP Address ?

An IP address (or Internet Protocol address) identifies each networked computer and device on a network. When computers communicate with each other on the Internet or a local network, they send information to each other’s IP addresses.

Your computer likely has public and private IP addresses. You’ll need the IP address if you’re hosting server software – the client computers will need your computer’s IP address to connect to it.

Public vs. Private IP Addresses

IP addresses can be either public or private. “Public” means an IP address can be reached from the Internet, while “private” means it can’t. For example, in a typical home network, a router has a public IP address on the Internet. The computers, smartphones, game consoles, and other devices behind the router all have unique private IP addresses on the home network. The router acts as an intermediary, forwarding traffic to the local IP addresses that request it. From an outside perspective, all devices on the home network are communicating with the Internet from a single public IP address.

Assuming you’re behind a router performing network address translation, you have two IP addresses that matter. Your computer’s IP address is likely a private IP address, probably starting with 192.168 — is a range of IP addresses specially allocated to private networks. You also likely have a public IP address, which is used when communicating with other computers over the Internet.

For example, if you’re hosting a server on your computer, people on the Internet will need the public IP address from your router to connect to your server. People behind your router — on the same local network as your computer — will need the local IP address from your computer to connect.

If your computer is connected directly to the Internet with no router sitting in between, your computer’s IP address is a public IP address.

Finding Your Private IP Address

To find your computer’s IP Address on Windows, open the Control Panel and select View network status and tasks.

Click the name of your Internet connection to view its status.

Click the Details button in the connection’s status window.

You’ll find the IP address listed in the Network Connection Details window – look for the IPv4 Address field

A quick way to find your IP address in Windows is by running the ipconfig command in a Command Prompt window. You’ll see your IP address in the IPv4 Address row beneath the name of your connection.

 Finding Your Public IP Address

The easiest way to find your public IP address is by asking a website, since that website sees your public IP address and can tell it to you – for example, you can search for what is my ip or what is my ip address on Google. Google will display your public IP address.

You can also access your router’s administration page to find this information. This page displays your public IP address and other information about your Internet connection. Different routers have different administration page layouts and different default local IP addresses – consult your router’s manual if you need more information.

Unlike street addresses, IP addresses aren’t necessarily fixed. Your Internet service provider may regularly assign you a new IP address, just as your router may occasionally assign your devices new IP addresses.      

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3 Step to Find Host Name through IP Address in Command line

You are working in a MNC and  handling largest network in that company and all computer connected with LAN and you configure the proper computer name for user identification. Now if you want to check the computer name through the IP Address than is very easy. 

Open your computer command prompt which connect with same network. 

Type the desire network client PC ip address with this command "nbtstat -a (Desire IP Address)"

Press the enter and get the host name of desire IP Address.

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How to Speed up slow Home Network ?

So how to speed up network ? Nothing is as annoying as slow network connection. Even if you have good hardware, you will not enjoy the real speed of your computer if your Internet connection is slow. Sometimes the only way to make things faster is to upgrade your broadband plan. However, there are some tips how to speed up network that really make a difference without costing anything. Here they are.

Remove My Network Places shortcuts

If you are wondering how to speed up network and make sharing files faster, you should remove all shortcuts from My Network Places. These shortcuts are created automatically and most of the time they are not needed. Not to mention that they often become invalid. And when they become invalid, Windows still searches for them even when they are never shared anymore. This slows things down. To remove these shortcuts, highlight them and press Delete on your keyboard.

Reset your network

If you are thinking how to speed up network when your Internet becomes very slow all of a sudden, you should reset your network by restarting your router. That’s easy enough - simply disconnect from the Internet and power down your PC. Then restart your router by switching it off and on again. Wait for the router to fully boot and start your computer. The speed should be back to normal.

Check your router and home phone for possible conflicts

Another suggestion how to speed up network. Sometimes your Internet connection can become slow because of home phone and router conflicts. This happens when your router and your cordless phone use the same frequency. If that’s the case, it can cause your Internet connection to slow down every time your phone is used. So, check your phone’s technical specs and see if there are any conflicts. If the phone uses the 900Mhz frequency, then it shouldn’t be affecting your router. But if your phone is using 2.4Ghz or 5.8Ghz, then it may be the cause of slow Internet connection. To fix the problem, try moving the phone to a different room or buy a different phone for your house.

Upgrade the firmware for your router

Another answer to the how to speed up network question is upgrading the firmware for your router. Quite often your network can become slow if your router’s firmware is out of date. That’s why you should check your router manufacturer’s site every now and again for firmware updates and apply them as soon as they are issued. Just make sure that you are applying the correct update for your model.

How to speed up network even more? Perform PC maintenance!

Even if you are on a fast broadband plan, browsing the Web won’t be fast if your computer is slow. So another way how to speed up network has little to do with the network itself – you simply need to perform some PC maintenance. Believe it or not, deleting temporary files, defragmenting your hard disk and running PC speedup software can speed up your Internet connection a great deal.

These simple how to speed up network tips will make using your network and browsing the Web faster and a lot more enjoyable.

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Valuable Cisco Switch Commands

The Cisco switch and Router configuration we need to remember lots of commands which are need to configuration the switch, because still the GUI not support the full mode of feature below mention the most valuable and usable Cisco switch commands.

access-Class Creates Applies a standard IP access list to a VTY line.

access-list Creates a list of tests to filter the networks 9

any Specifies any host or any network; same as the 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 command

Backspace Deletes a single character

bandwidth Sets the bandwidth on a serial interface

banner Creates a banner for users who log into the router

cdp enable Turns on CDP on an individual interface

cdp holdtime Changes the holdtime of CDP packets

cdp run Turns on CDP on a router

cdp timer Changes the CDP update timer

clear counters Clears the statistics from an interface

clear line Clears a connection connected via Telnet to your router

clear mac-address-table Clears the filter table created dynamically by the switch

clock rate Provides clocking on a serial DCE interface

config memory Copies the startup-config to running-config

config network Copies a configuration stored on a TFTP host to running-config

config terminal Puts you in global configuration mode and changes the running-config

config-register Tells the router how to boot and to change the configuration register setting

copy flash tftp Copies a file from flash memory to a TFTP host

copy run start Short for copy running-config startup-config; places a configuration into NVRAM

copy run tftp Copies the running-config file to a TFTP host

copy tftp flash Copies a file from a TFTP host to flash memory

copy tftp run Copies a configuration from a TFTP host to the running-config file

Ctrl+A Moves your cursor to the beginning of the line

Ctrl+D Deletes a single character

Ctrl+E Moves your cursor to the end of the line

Ctrl+F Moves forward one character

Ctrl+R Redisplays a line

Ctrl+Shift+6, then X (keyboard combination) Returns you to the originating router when you telnet to numerous routers

Ctrl+U Erases a line

Ctrl+W Erases a word

Ctrl+Z Ends configuration mode and returns to EXEC

debug dialer Shows you the call setup and teardown procedures

debug frame-relay lmi Shows the lmi exchanges between the router and the Frame Relay switch

debug ip igrp events Provides a summary of the IGRP routing information running on the network

debug ip igrp transactions Shows message requests from neighbor routers asking for an update and the broadcasts sent from your router to that neighbor router

debug ip rip Sends console messages displaying informa-tion about RIP packets being sent and received on a router interface

debug ipx Shows the RIP and SAP information as it passes through the router

debug isdn q921 Shows layer-2 processes

debug isdn q931 Shows layer-3 processes

delete nvram Deletes the contents of NVRAM on a 1900 switch

delete vtp Deletes VTP configurations from a switch

description Sets a description on an interface

dialer idle-timeout number Tells the BRI line when to drop if no interesting traffic is found

dialer list number protocol protocol permit/deny Specifies interesting traffic for a DDR link 

dialer load-threshold number inbound/outbound/either Sets the parameters that describe when the second BRI comes up on an ISDN link

dialer map protocol address name hostname number Used instead of a dialer string to provide more security in an ISDN network

dialer string Sets the phone number to dial for a BRI interface

disable Takes you from privileged mode back to user mode

disconnect Disconnects a connection to a remote router from the originating router

duplex Sets the duplex of an interface

enable Puts you into privileged mode

enable password Sets the unencrypted enable password

enable password level 1 Sets the user mode password

enable password level 15 Sets the enable mode password

enable secret Sets the encrypted enable secret password. Supersedes the enable password if set

encapsulation Sets the frame type used on an interface

encapsulation frame-relay Changes the encapsulation to Frame Relay on a serial link

encapsulation frame-relay ietf Sets the encapsulation type to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF); connects Cisco routers to off-brand routers

encapsulation hdlc Restores the default encapsulation of HDLC on a serial link

encapsulation isl 2 Sets ISL routing for VLAN

encapsulation ppp Changes the encapsulation on a serial link to PPP

erase startup Deletes the startup-config

erase startup-config Deletes the contents of NVRAM on a router

Esc+B Moves back one word

Esc+F Moves forward one word

exec-timeout Sets the timeout in seconds and minutes for the console connection

exit Disconnects a connection to a remote router via Telnet

frame-relay interface-dlci Configures the PVC address on a serial interface or subinterface

frame-relay lmi-type Configures the LMI type on a serial link

frame-relay map protocol address Creates a static mapping for use with a Frame Relay network

Host Specifies a single host address

hostname Sets the name of a router or a switch

int e0.10 Creates a subinterface

int f0/0.1 Creates a subinterface

interface Puts you in interface configuration mode; also used with show commands

interface e0/5 Configures Ethernet interface

interface ethernet 0/1 Configures interface e0/1

interface f0/26 Configures Fast Ethernet interface 26

interface fastethernet 0/0 Puts you in interface configuration mode for a Fast Ethernet port; also used with show commands

interface fastethernet 0/0.1 Creates a subinterface

interface fastethernet 0/26 Configures interface f0/26

interface s0.16 multipoint Creates a multipoint subinterface on a serial link that can be used with Frame Relay networks

interface s0.16 point-to-point Creates a point-to-point subinterface on a serial link that can be used with Frame Relay

interface serial 5 Puts you in configuration mode for interface serial 5 and can be used for show commands

ip access-group Applies an IP access list to an interface

ip address Sets an IP address on an interface or a switch

ip classless A global configuration command used to tell a router to forward packets to a default route when the destination network is not in the routing table

ip default-gateway Sets the default gateway of the switch

ip domain-lookup Turns on DNS lookup (which is on by default)

ip domain-name Appends a domain name to a DNS lookup

ip host Creates a host table on a router

ip name-server Sets the IP address of up to six DNS servers

IP route Creates static and default routes on a router

ipx access-group Applies an IPX access list to an interface

ipx input-sap-filter Applies an inbound IPX SAP filter to an interface

ipx network Assigns an IPX network number to an interface

ipx output-sap-filter Applies an outbound IPX SAP filter to an interface

ipx ping A Packet Internet Groper used to test IPX packet on an internetwork

ipx routing Turns on IPX routing

isdn spid1 Sets the number that identifies the first DS0 to the ISDN switch

isdn spid2 Sets the number that identifies the second DS0 to the ISDN switch

isdn switch-type Sets the type of ISDN switch that the router will communicate with; can be set at interface level or global configuration mode

K Used at the startup of the 1900 switch and puts the switch into CLI mode

line Puts you in configuration mode to change or set your user mode passwords

line aux Puts you in the auxiliary interface configuration mode

line console 0 Puts you in console configuration mode

line vty Puts you in VTY (Telnet) interface configuration mode

logging synchronous Stops console messages from overwriting your command-line input

logout Logs you out of your console session

mac-address-table permanent Makes a permanent MAC address entry in the filter database

mac-address-table restricted static Sets a restricted address in the MAC filter database to allow only the configured interfaces to communicate with the restricted address

media-type Sets the hardware media type on an interface

network Tells the routing protocol what network to advertise

no cdp enable Turns off CDP on an individual interface

no cdp run Turns off CDP completely on a router

no inverse-arp Turns off the dynamic IARP used with Frame Relay; static mappings must be configured

no ip domain-lookup Turns off DNS lookup

no ip host Removes a hostname from a host table

No IP route Removes a static or default route

no shutdown Turns on an interface

o/r 0x2142 Changes a 2501 to boot without using the contents of NVRAM

ping Tests IP connectivity to a remote device

port secure max-mac-count Allows only the configured amount of devices to attach and work on an interface

ppp authentication chap Tells PPP to use CHAP authentication

ppp authentication pap Tells PPP to use PAP authentication

router igrp as Turns on IP IGRP routing on a router

router rip Puts you in router rip configuration mode

secondary Adds a second IPX network on the same physical interface

Service password-encryption Encrypts the user mode and enable password

show access-list Shows all the access lists configured on the router

show access-list 110 Shows only access list 110

show cdp Displays the CDP timer and holdtime frequencies

show cdp entry * Same as show cdp neighbor detail, but does not work on a 1900 switch

show cdp interface Shows the individual interfaces enabled with CDP

show cdp neighbor Shows the directly connected neighbors and the details about them

show cdp neighbor detail Shows the IP address and IOS version and type, and includes all of the information from the show cdp neighbor command

show cdp traffic Shows the CDP packets sent and received on a device and any errors

Show controllers s 0 Shows the DTE or DCE status of an interface

show dialer Shows the number of times the dialer string has been reached, the idle-timeout values of each B channel, the length of call, and the name of the router to which the interface is connected

show flash Shows the files in flash memory

show frame-relay lmi Shows the LMI type on a serial interface

show frame-relay map Shows the static and dynamic Network layer-to-PVC mappings

show frame-relay pvc Shows the configured PVCs and DLCI numbers configured on a router 

show history Shows you the last 10 commands entered by default

show hosts Shows the contents of the host table

show int f0/26 Shows the statistics of f0/26

show inter e0/1 Shows the statistics of interface e0/1

show interface s0 Shows the statistics of interface serial 0

show ip Shows the IP configuration of the switch

show ip access-list Shows only the IP access lists

show ip interface Shows which interfaces have IP access lists applied

show ip protocols Shows the routing protocols and timers associated with each routing protocol configured on a router

show ip route Displays the IP routing table

show ipx access-list Shows the IPX access lists configured on a router

show ipx interface Shows the RIP and SAP information being sent and received on an individual interface; also shows the IPX address of the interface

show ipx route Shows the IPX routing table

show ipx servers Shows the SAP table on a Cisco router

show ipx traffic Shows the RIP and SAP information sent and received on a Cisco router

show isdn active Shows the number called and whether a call is in progress

show isdn status Shows if your SPIDs are valid and if you are connected and communicating with the provider's switch

show mac-address-table Shows the filter table created dynamically by the switch

show protocols Shows the routed protocols and network addresses configured on each interface

show run Short for show running-config; shows the configuration currently running on the router 

show sessions Shows your connections via Telnet to remote devices

show snmp Gives you the router's serial number as the "chassis" output

show start Short for show startup-config; shows the backup configuration stored in NVRAM

show terminal Shows you your configured history size

show trunk A Shows the trunking status of port 26

show trunk B Shows the trunking status of port 27

show version Gives the IOS information of the switch, as well as the uptime and base Ethernet address

show vlan Shows all configured VLANs App.

show vlan-membership Shows all port VLAN assignments

show vtp Shows the VTP configuration of a switch

shutdown Puts an interface in administratively down mode

Tab Finishes typing a command for you

telnet Connects, views, and runs programs on a remote device

terminal history size Changes your history size from the default of 10 up to 256

trace Tests a connection to a remote device and shows the path it took through the internetwork to find the remote device

traffic-share balanced Tells the IGRP routing protocol to share links inversely proportional to the metrics

traffic-share min Tells the IGRP routing process to use routes that have only minimum costs

trunk auto Sets the port to auto trunking mode

trunk on Sets a port to permanent trunking mode

username name password password Creates usernames and passwords for authentication on a Cisco router

variance Controls the load balancing between the best metric and the worst acceptable metric

vlan 2 name Sales Creates a VLAN 2 named Sales

vlan-membership static 2 Assigns a static VLAN to a port

vtp client Sets the switch to be a VTP client

vtp domain Sets the domain name for the VTP configuration

vtp password Sets a password on the VTP domain

vtp pruning enable Makes the switch a pruning switch

vtp server Sets the switch to be a VTP server

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